\(1,\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}=180^0\\ \text{Mà }\widehat{A}=\widehat{B}=\widehat{C}\\ \Rightarrow\widehat{A}=\widehat{B}=\widehat{C}=\dfrac{180^0}{3}=60^0\\ 2,\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}=180^0\\ \Rightarrow\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}=180^0-\widehat{A}=110^0\\ \text{Mà }\widehat{B}-\widehat{C}=10^0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\widehat{B}=\left(110^0+10^0\right):2=60^0\\\widehat{C}=60^0-10^0=50^0\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Áp dụng định lí cosin, ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}{a^2} = {b^2} + {c^2} - 2bc.\cos A\\ \Leftrightarrow {a^2} = {8^2} + {5^2} - 2.8.5.\cos {120^ \circ } = 129\\ \Rightarrow a = \sqrt {129} \end{array}\)

Áp dụng định lí sin, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} = \frac{c}{{\sin C}} \Rightarrow \frac{{\sqrt {129} }}{{\sin {{120}^ \circ }}} = \frac{8}{{\sin B}} = \frac{5}{{\sin C}}\\ \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\sin B = \frac{{8.\sin {{120}^ \circ }}}{{\sqrt {129} }} \approx 0,61\\\sin C = \frac{{5.\sin {{120}^ \circ }}}{{\sqrt {129} }} \approx 0,38\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\widehat B \approx 37,{59^ \circ }\\\widehat C \approx 22,{41^ \circ }\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

b) Diện tích tam giác ABC là: \(S = \frac{1}{2}bc.\sin A = \frac{1}{2}.8.5.\sin {120^ \circ } = 10\sqrt 3 \)

c) 

+) Theo định lí sin, ta có: \(R = \frac{a}{{2\sin A}} = \frac{{\sqrt {129} }}{{2\sin {{120}^ \circ }}} = \sqrt {43} \)

+) Đường cao AH của tam giác bằng: \(AH = \frac{{2S}}{a} = \frac{{2.10\sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt {129} }} = \frac{{20\sqrt {43} }}{{43}}\)

Áp dụng định lí cosin trong tam giác ABC, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}{c^2} = {b^2} + {a^2} - 2ab\cos C\\ \Leftrightarrow {c^2} = 26,{4^2} + 49,{4^2} - 2.26,4.49,4\cos {47^ \circ }20'\\ \Rightarrow c \approx 37\end{array}\)

Áp dụng định lí sin, ta có: \(\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} = \frac{c}{{\sin C}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \frac{{49,4}}{{\sin A}} = \frac{{26,4}}{{\sin B}} = \frac{{37}}{{\sin {{47}^ \circ }20'}}\\ \Rightarrow \sin A = \frac{{49,4.\sin {{47}^ \circ }20'}}{{37}} \approx 0,982 \Rightarrow \widehat A \approx {79^ \circ }\\ \Rightarrow \widehat B \approx {180^ \circ } - {79^ \circ } - {47^ \circ }20' = {53^ \circ }40'\end{array}\)

Tham khảo:

Áp dụng định lí sin cho tam giác ABC ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{{\sin A}} = \dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} = \dfrac{c}{{\sin C}} = 2R\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \sin C = \frac{{c.\sin B}}{b} = \frac{{5.\sin {{80}^o}}}{8} \approx 0,6155\\ \Leftrightarrow \widehat C \approx {38^o}\end{array}\)

Lại có: \(\widehat A = {180^o} - \widehat B - \widehat C = {180^o} - {80^o} - {38^o} = {62^o}\)

Theo định lí sin, ta suy ra \(a = \sin A.\dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} = \sin {62^o}\dfrac{8}{{\sin {{80}^o}}} \approx 7,17\)

Và \(2R = \dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} \Rightarrow R = \dfrac{b}{{2\sin B}} = \dfrac{8}{{2\sin {{80}^o}}} \approx 4,062.\)

Vậy tam giác ABC có \(\widehat A = {62^o}\); \(\widehat C \approx {38^o}\); \(a \approx 7,17\) và \(R \approx 4,062.\)